DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD STAGE
It catagories
1.Early Childhood(3 to 6)2. Middle Childhood (6 to 11)
Early Childhood(3 to 6)
Physical development
* Growth is steady, appearance becomes more Slender and proportions more adult like.
* There is rapid growth of bones, muscles, arteries, gland etc
* Appetite diminishes and sleep problems or common.
*Handedness appears; fine and gross motor skill and strength improve
Emotional Development
*Self concept and understanding of emotions grow
*Self esteem is grow.
*Independent ,initiative, self control and self care increase
* Gender identity develops.
* Plays becomes more imaginative, more elaborate and more social.
*Altruism(lavishness) and fearfulness or common
Social Development
* Early childhood is pre-gang stage of social development
*Family is infocus of social life but other children Become more important.
*At the age 3, on becoming angry, beating or biting others.
*At the age of 4 , they show their anger by in subordination.
* At the age of 6, they vent their anger through verbal abuses. such patterns of change in emotional reactions exhibited by children would be noticed in other emotions also.
* According to Frued their seems to be a twin faceted emotional behaviour of individual during infancy and early childhood.
*Male children display much affection towards their mother. This is known as Oedipus complex.
*Similarly in girls appear the opposing emotions of love and hatred simultaneously towards their Mother.This is known as electro complex
*Pre school children have one or two friends but change their friends easily as they are so socially flexible.
*Play groups at this stage of small and loosely organised.
*Quarrels are frequent but or a short duration and quickly forgotten.
*Dramatic play is frequent and awareness of sex roles begin at this stage
Cognitive Development
*Thinking is some what egocentric, but understanding of the people's perspective grows.
*Cognitive immaturity leads to some *illogical ideas about the world
*Memory and language improve *Intelligence becomes more predictable Attending pre school is common, kindergarten more so
*Imagination which come to th forefront by about the age of 3.
Language Development
Child uses words to form sentences, uses pronounce and plural as well as speaking in past sentences
Vocabulary increases rapidly and by 3 years there is a sizeable vocabulary in the mother tongue, which about 12 years increases to 10000 words or more.
Middle Childhood
Physical Development
*During later childhood bodily development appears to slow down a bit; body proportion approximate that of the adult.
*Strength and athletic skills improve.
*Respiratory illness or common but health is generally better than at any other time in lifespan.
*Brain growth is more rapid the brain have it full complement of cells even before birth and achieves 80% of its adult weight by 4 to 6 years. Another 13% attained by the age of 8 with complete development at the end of Adolescence.
* The internal organs such as digestive organs, lungs, etc Grow rapidly and reach a balance of effective coordinated functioning.
Motor activities such as head control, movement of eyes, sitting,standing, walking, running, clumping,( all these are referred as locomotor skills) and manipulative skills like handling of object with dexterity, eye - hand coordination, Precision of control, speed of arm movement , arm steadiness, aiming etc are important for personal and educational growth.
Emotional Development
*Self concept becomes more Complex, affecting self- esteem
*Co-regulation reflects gradual shift in control from parents to child
*Peers assume Central important
Cognitive Development
*Mother tongue helps in preserving as well as fostering intellectual growth which continues to accelerate as children developed the ability to judge, to reason, and to solve problems, starting from the concrete level and going to the Abstract.
* creativity help in divergent thinking leading to novel intellectual product and practices
* Egocentrism diminishes.
*Children begin to think logically but concretely
* Memory and language skill increase. *Cognitive gains permit children to benefit from formal scooling
*Some Children show special educational needs and strengths.
Social Development
*Childhood is is the gang stage when play mates have an active role in accelerating social development.
*No sex differences is felt at this stage
*The child assimilating socializing experiences through direct imitation of the patterns of other children and by spontaneous reaction to things which they do or to situations create.
*Social behaviour that are developed during childhood are rivalry, aggresion, co-operation ,sympathy etc.
*Childhood is marked by maximum social adjustment in the changeable and variable social world making a level of pseduo maturity.
*Though the child day away from its home now a considerable amount of time, the importance of paternal affection continuous to be undiminished.
* Primary class children appear to be more selective in their choice of friends and like organised games.
*Quarrels or still frequent and words are more often used than physical aggression. *Competition and boasting are often seen and boys and girls show different interests, both in work and play.
Moral Development
The child wants to know every aspect of life.
*He wants to know the practice followed in different religions and customs.
*He desires to form a right complexes and sentiment.
*He distingushes between good and bad, he wants to avoid bad things.
*He is interested to follow the path of great persons and elders.
* He wants to know what is right and good.
* The teacher should help the child to create scientific and objective outlook.
He should inculcate good manners to attain proper goal and ambition.
* He should realize the potential and development of the personality of the student
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